From: Microplastics in food: scoping review on health effects, occurrence, and human exposure
Type of product | Type of polymer | N/Np | Size range (μm) | Analytical method | Microplastic content range (particles/L)a | Sample origin | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ground and drinking water | PE, PVC, PA, polyester, epoxy resin | 24/10 | 50-150 | FTIR microscope | 0-7b | Germany | (Mintenig et al. 2019) |
Water from three treatment plants | PET, PE, PP, PS, PVC, polyacrylamide, polybutylacrylate | 3/3 | 1-100 | SEM + FTIR+ Raman spectroscopy | 338 ± 76-628 ± 28 (treated water) | Czech Republic | (Pivokonsky et al. 2018) |
Tap water | nr | 110/86 | 50-4830 | Stereo microscope | 0-8.605 | Hong Kong | (Lam et al. 2020) |
Tap water | Anthropogenic debrisc | 159/126 | 100-5000 | Stereo microscope | 0-61 | Global | (Kosuth et al. 2018) |
Bottled water (plastic and glass), beverages, tap water | PE, PP, PS, PET, PA, polymethyl methacrylate | 15/15 | nr | TED-GC/MS | < 0.01 μg/L − 2 μg/L (mass content) |  | (Braun et al. 2021) |
Bottled mineral water (PET bottles) | – | 10/10 | 1.28-4.2 | SEM-EDX | 3.16 × 107-1.1 × 108 | Italy | (Zuccarello et al. 2019) |
Bottled mineral water | PP, PE, PET, PS, PA, polyester | 38/38 | 5-100 | Micro-Raman spectroscopy | 2-44 (single use) 28-241 (returnable) 5-20 (cartons) 4-156 (glass) | Germany | (Schymanski et al. 2018) |
Bottled mineral water | PET, PE, PP styrene-butadiene | 32/32 | 1- > 10 | Micro-Raman spectroscopy | 4889 ± 5432 (reusable) 2649 ± 2857 (single use) 3074 ± 2531 (glass) | Germany | (Oßmann et al. 2018) |
Bottled water | PP, PE, PA | 259/242 | 6.5-5000 | Optical microscope+FTIR | 0-10,000 | Global | (Mason et al. 2018) |
Beer | Anthropogenic debrisc | 12/12 | 100-5000 | Stereo microscope | 0d-14.3 | Laurentian Great Lakes | (Kosuth et al. 2018) |
Beer | nr | 24/24 | nr | Stereo microscope | 2-79 (fibres) 12-109 (fragments) 2-66 (granules) | Germany | (Liebezeit and Liebezeit 2014) |
Beer and soft drinks | PP, PE, polyacrylamide | 29/29 | 3,5–2224.25 | Inverted microscope+FTIR | 8-117 | Ecuador | (Diaz-Basantes et al. 2020) |
Soft and energy drinks, beer, cold tea | PET, PA, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene | 57/48 | 100-3000 | Epifluorescence microscope+SEM-EDX | 0-7 (soft and energy drinks) 0-28 (beer) 1-6 (cold tea) | Mexico | (Shruti et al. 2020) |
White vine | PE | 26/24 | 7–475 | Micro-Raman spectroscopy | 2563-5857 | Italy | (Prata et al. 2020) |