|
Group and type of antibiotic
|
Spiked Concentration (μg/L)
|
Average Rec% ± STDEV M1
|
Average Rec% ± STDEV M2
|
Average Rec% ± STDEV M3
|
Average Rec% ± STDEV M4
|
MRL in milk (μg/L)
|
MRL in meat (μg/L)
|
MRL milk/MRL meat
|
|---|
|
Macrolides
| |
35.65 ± 2.72
|
24.50 ± 8.54
|
73.66 ± 8.33
|
79.20 ± 6.51
| | | |
|
Erythromycin
|
2000
|
3.40ab ± 0.98
|
0.67a ± 0.35
|
20.10b ± 3.77
|
0.00a ± 0.00
|
40
|
200
|
0.2
|
|
Neospyramycin
|
2500
|
18.78 ± 1.33
|
22.14 ± 1.10
|
70.31 ± 11.95
|
102.99 ± 3.17
|
200
|
200
|
1
|
|
Spiramycin
|
2500
|
25.96 ± 3.06
|
29.07 ± 1.18
|
53.17 ± 4.80
|
37.45 ± 2.02
|
200
|
200
|
1
|
|
Tilmicosin
|
500
|
96.42 ± 2.34
|
63.54 ± 39.90
|
171.49 ± 11.93
|
245.02 ± 27.02
|
50
|
50
|
1
|
|
Tylosin
|
1000
|
33.69a ± 5.89
|
7.08b ± 0.16
|
53.23a ± 9.22
|
10.55b ± 0.35
|
50
|
100
|
0.50
|
|
Penicillins
| |
34.36 ± 2.10
|
30.36 ± 1.87
|
72.33 ± 9.17
|
75.42 ± 7.91
| | | |
|
Amoxicillin
|
500
|
57.08a ± 4.54
|
69.32a ± 0.38
|
143.26b ± 25.38
|
107.28c ± 35.83
|
4
|
50
|
0.08
|
|
Ampicillin
|
500
|
78.19a ± 7.09
|
104.03a ± 7.99
|
204.73b ± 26.17
|
273.58c ± 7.65
|
4
|
50
|
0.08
|
|
Cloxacillin
|
30,000
|
1.43a ± 0.12
|
1.31a ± 0.03
|
3.05a ± 0.21
|
5.76a ± 0.49
|
30
|
300
|
0.1
|
|
Dicloxacillin
|
3000
|
9.13a ± 0.44
|
6.96a ± 0.09
|
21.14ab ± 2.80
|
60.03b ± 5.54
|
30
|
300
|
0.1
|
|
Nafcillin
|
3000
|
8.23a ± 0.20
|
10.69a ± 0.12
|
18.07a ± 0.39
|
10.23a ± 0.31
|
30
|
300
|
0.1
|
|
Oxacillin
|
3000
|
10.99a ± 0.86
|
11.72a ± 0.27
|
28.44ab ± 1.39
|
53.30b ± 2.03
|
30
|
300
|
0.1
|
|
Penicillin G
|
500
|
75.48a ± 1.44
|
8.46b ± 4.25
|
87.64a ± 7.85
|
17.76b ± 3.53
|
4
|
50
|
0.08
|
|
Quinolones
| |
37.05 ± 2.20
|
26.58 ± 1.62
|
76.52 ± 1.74
|
83.07 ± 13.94
| | | |
|
Enrofloxacin
|
500
|
53.28 ± 3.60
|
40.40 ± 1.90
|
110.21 ± 1.22
|
95.99 ± 19.05
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Flumequine
|
1000
|
9.05a ± 1.45
|
0.00b ± 0.00
|
24.33a ± 0.70
|
52.72c ± 9.48
|
50
|
200
|
0.25
|
|
Marbofloxacin
|
750
|
48.80a ± 1.55
|
39.32a ± 2.94
|
95.02b ± 3.29
|
100.49b ± 13.30
|
75
|
150
|
0.5
|
|
Sulfonamides
| |
34.80 ± 1.32
|
29.49 ± 2.52
|
94.58 ± 6.43
|
99.73 ± 9.82
| | | |
|
Sulfacetamide
|
1000
|
18.54 ± 1.36
|
14.02 ± 1.57
|
35.42 ± 8.03
|
20.53 ± 2.80
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfachloropyridazine
|
1000
|
38.38 ± 0.48
|
26.78 ± 3.87
|
108.43 ± 0.11
|
132.90 ± 3.87
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfadiazine
|
1000
|
25.49 ± 2.58
|
24.09 ± 0.89
|
58.88 ± 0.63
|
65.94 ± 3.54
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfadimethoxine
|
1000
|
14.31 ± 1.46
|
7.10 ± 0.40
|
41.56 ± 1.33
|
85.52 ± 2.47
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfadimidine
|
1000
|
39.33 ± 0.21
|
38.29 ± 1.55
|
114.46 ± 7.31
|
123.00 ± 9.00
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfadoxine
|
1000
|
30.31 ± 0.74
|
16.97 ± 2.60
|
82.33 ± 0.96
|
153.84 ± 1.11
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfaguanidine
|
1000
|
18.64 ± 0.12
|
14.25 ± 0.14
|
39.51 ± 7.71
|
26.60 ± 10.07
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfamerazine
|
1000
|
9.70 ± 1.57
|
7.65 ± 0.11
|
39.23 ± 1.08
|
89.31 ± 11.19
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfamethizole
|
1000
|
42.44 ± 0.80
|
55.31 ± 7.74
|
92.82 ± 1.55
|
84.97 ± 4.78
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfamethoxazole
|
1000
|
43.95 ± 6.02
|
18.70 ± 3.82
|
127.40 ± 4.92
|
161.97 ± 15.02
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfamethoxypyridazine
|
1000
|
43.94 ± 0.02
|
51.72 ± 1.76
|
140.44 ± 5.21
|
165.70 ± 12.54
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfamonomethoxine
|
1000
|
42.22 ± 1.56
|
50.56 ± 0.46
|
148.67 ± 9.67
|
174.34 ± 7.26
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfamoxole
|
1000
|
38.61 ± 1.46
|
19.51 ± 2.34
|
80.30 ± 10.71
|
100.31 ± 23.38
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfapyridine
|
1000
|
29.02 ± 0.68
|
31.62 ± 2.64
|
89.32 ± 6.45
|
101.35 ± 18.40
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfaquinoxaline
|
1000
|
13.64 ± 0.32
|
10.28 ± 2.07
|
28.72 ± 5.89
|
79.34 ± 14.84
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfathiazole
|
1000
|
36.39 ± 1.95
|
39.05 ± 0.88
|
88.64 ± 5.73
|
41.14 ± 21.28
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Sulfisoxazole
|
1000
|
55.57 ± 0.80
|
29.05 ± 2.59
|
168.29 ± 12.57
|
62.20 ± 4.43
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Trimethoprim
|
1000
|
86.00 ± 1.57
|
75.98 ± 9.94
|
217.95 ± 25.88
|
126.27 ± 10.81
|
50
|
50
|
1
|
|
Tetracyclines
| |
25.73 ± 0.54
|
21.89 ± 17.13
|
73.50 ± 12.79
|
52.61 ± 7.69
| | | |
|
Chlortetracycline
|
1000
|
18.87 ± 0.49
|
21.77 ± 9.36
|
30.30 ± 6.29
|
35.67 ± 6.17
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Oxytetracycline+ 4-Epi-Oxytetracycline
|
1000
|
32.79 ± 0.77
|
22.24 ± 23.07
|
108.49 ± 15.90
|
48.16 ± 2.89
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
|
Tetracycline+ 4-Epi-Tetracycline
|
1000
|
25.53 ± 0.36
|
21.67 ± 18.97
|
81.72 ± 16.19
|
74.02 ± 14.00
|
100
|
100
|
1
|
- Means with the same letter do not differ significantly at the level of 0.05
- STDEV Standard Deviation, Rec Recovery
- *the estimated concentration was based on the calibration curve produced with the five different standard concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μg/L) after screening the quantifier ion in the MS spectra. Four methods used (n = 2) in milk samples spiked each antibiotic of 500 μg/L as a final concentration
