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Table 1 Comparison of General US dietary exposure to pesticides with Chronic Reference Doses (RfDs)

From: Chronic dietary exposure to pesticide residues in the United States

Pesticide

General US

Chronic RfD

%RfD

 

Exposure

(ng/kg/day)

 
 

(ng/kg/day)

  

Acephate

18.4281

4000

0.4607

Atrazine

0.0072

35000

<0.0001

Azinphos-methyl

11.1229

5000

0.2225

Azoxystrobin

1.1496

180000

0.0006

Benomyl

9.2942

50000

0.0186

Bifenthrin

0.9997

15000

0.0067

Biphenyl

0.3963

500000

0.0001

Captan

9.6072

130000

0.0074

Carbaryl

10.2073

100000

0.0102

Carbofuran

0.3657

5000

0.0073

Chlordane (total)

0.0992

500

0.0198

 Chlordane, cis

0.0479

  

 Chlordane, trans

0.0125

  

 Nonachlor, trans

0.0367

  

 Octachlor epoxide

0.0020

  

Chloropropham

287.7204

200000

0.1439

Chlorothalonil

0.1205

15000

0.0008

Chlorpyrifos

2.3760

3000

0.0792

Chlorpyrifos-methyl

12.7964

10000

0.1280

Clopyralid

0.8296

150000

0.0006

Coumaphos

0.0068

700

0.0010

Cyfluthrin

0.2220

24000

0.0009

Cypermethrin

8.9699

10000

0.0897

Cyprodinil

12.9971

37500

0.0347

2,4-D

0.6738

10000

0.0067

DCPA

0.2398

10000

0.0024

DDT, total

6.6482

500

1.3296

 DDE, p, p’

5.9085

  

 DDT, o, p’

0.0120

  

 DDT, p, p’

0.1471

  

 TDE, o, p’

0.0258

  

 TDE, p, p’

0.5547

  

DEF

0.1086

100

0.1086

Diazinon

0.2394

200

0.1197

Dicamba

0.7488

30000

0.0025

Dichloran, total

2.9128

2500

0.1165

 Dichloran

2.8691

  

 2,4-Dichloro-6-nitrobenzeneamine

0.0437

  

Dicofol, total

0.3547

200000

0.0002

 Dicofol, o, p’

0.0345

  

 Dicofol, p, p’

0.3201

  

Dieldrin

0.9841

50

1.9683

Dimethoate

1.5595

200

0.7797

Diphenylamine

79.6903

25000

0.3188

Endosulfan, total

9.3737

6000

0.1562

 Endosulfan I

1.6268

  

 Endosulfan II

2.1831

  

 Endosulfan sulfate

5.5638

  

Endrin

0.0228

300

0.0076

Esfenvalerate

0.0281

1800

0.0016

Ethion, total

0.4912

500

0.0982

 Ethion

0.4869

  

 Ethion, oxygen analog

0.0043

  

Ethoxyquin

0.5940

20000

0.0030

Famoxadone

0.1185

1400

0.0085

Fenarimol

0.0196

65000

<0.0001

Fenhexamid

0.9919

200000

0.0005

Fenitrothion

0.0132

1500

0.0009

Fenoxaprop-ethyl

0.0002

15000

<0.0001

Fenpropathrin

3.3847

25000

0.0135

Fenvalerate

0.3790

25000

0.0015

Fludioxonil

21.1253

30000

0.0704

Heptachlor

0.0593

13

0.4563

Imazalil

0.5742

13000

0.0044

Iprodione, total

6.4931

40000

0.0162

 Iprodione

6.1491

  

 Iprodione metabolite

0.3441

  

Lambda-cyhalothrin

0.6892

5000

0.0138

Lindane

0.0693

300

0.0231

Linuron

0.2379

2000

0.0119

Malathion

29.6982

20000

0.1485

Metalaxyl

1.0858

60000

0.0018

Methamidophos

7.9984

50

15.9968

Methidathion

0.9529

1000

0.0953

Methomyl

1.9347

25000

0.0077

Methoxychlor, total

0.0428

5000

0.0009

 Methoxychlor, o, p’

0.0173

  

 Methoxychlor, p, p’

0.0255

  

Mirex

0.0020

200

0.0010

Omethoate

0.8798

300

0.2933

Oxamyl

0.0466

25000

0.0002

Permethrin, total

73.4122

50000

0.1468

 Permethrin, cis

35.4246

  

 Permethrin, trans

37.9876

  

Phenylphenol, ortho

11.3419

20000

0.0567

Phosalone

0.0491

2000

0.0025

Phosmet

4.7271

20000

0.0236

Piperonyl butoxide

0.0029

6300000

<0.0001

Pirimiphos-methyl

6.3524

10000

0.0635

Procymidone

0.0247

35000

0.0001

Propargite

11.6608

20000

0.0583

Propiconazole

0.0002

13000

<0.0001

Quinclorac

1.0475

380000

0.0003

Quinoxyfen

0.2185

200000

0.0001

Quintozene

0.0743

3000

0.0025

Tecnazene

0.0008

20000

<0.0001

Thiabendazole

77.7198

100000

0.0777

Triadimefon

0.0033

10000

<0.0001

Triclopyr

0.0398

50000

0.0001

Trifloxystrobin

0.3277

100000

0.0003

Vinclozolin

0.8230

25000

0.0033